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1.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 72(2): 118-125, abr. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092902

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción El tratamiento estándar del cáncer de mama es la cirugía conservadora, aunque actualmente existe un incremento de cirugías más radicales, incluyendo reconstrucción. Estas técnicas, aparentemente más complejas, pueden suponer mayor índice de complicaciones y, por ende, mayor intervalo de tiempo entre la cirugía y el inicio de terapias adyuvantes, lo que puede condicionar peores resultados de los tratamientos, traducido en el índice de recidivas locales y/o sistémicas o incluso de las tasas de supervivencia. Objetivo Revisar si la mastectomía bilateral con reconstrucción inmediata (MBRI) supone un retraso en el inicio del tratamiento adyuvante (TA). Materiales y Método Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes con MBRI como tratamiento de cáncer. Variables principales: tiempo transcurrido entre la cirugía y el inicio de la TA, definiendo retraso como más de 90 días. Otras variables: datos del paciente, tipo de intervención, complicaciones. Se analizan datos por tipo de intervención y si presentaban cirugía conservadora previa. Resultados 296 pacientes con MBRI, 171 (57,7%) por cáncer de novo y 125 (42,3%) por neoplasia recidivada o un segundo primario (ipsi o contralateral). La tasa general de complicaciones fue de 21% y no difirió entre los grupos con y sin radioterapia previa (p 0,05). La técnica quirúrgica asociada a una tasa mayor de complicaciones fue el patrón corto de Wise. No hubo diferencias en el resto. No existió un retraso significativo mayor de 90 días en los grupos con o sin radioterapia, ni según la técnica quirúrgica. Conclusiones La MBRI no ocasiona retrasos significativos en el inicio de TA.


Background Breast conserving surgery is already the standard treatment of breast cancer although mastectomy and radical techniques including reconstruction are currently increasing. These techniques, apparently more complex, can develop more complications and delay adjuvant therapies initiation, conditioning worst results of treatments, with higher rates of local and/or systemic recurrences or even survival rates. Aim Review whether bilateral mastectomy with immediate reconstruction (MBRI) conditionate a delay in the initiation of adjuvant therapy (TA). Materials and Method A retrospective analysis of patients with MBRI as a cancer treatment. Main variable: Time to TA, was defined as the number of days between surgery and the first dose of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Other variables: patient data, type of intervention and complications. We analyzed the data by type of intervention and if they had been previously treated from another breast tumor. Results In all, 296 patients with MBRI were included, 171 with a Cancer de novo and 125 already treated that now have a relapsed neoplasia or a second primary (IPSI or contralateral). Overall complication rate was 21%. Complication rate did not differ between groups either or neither previous radiotherapy. The surgical technique associated with a higher rate of complications was the short Wise pattern, with no differences in the others. There was no delay greater than 90 days in the groups with radiotherapy or without, or according to the surgical technique. Conclusions MBRI does not cause significant delays in the beginning of adjuvant therapies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Mammaplasty/methods , Mastectomy/methods , Postoperative Complications , Chi-Square Distribution , Comorbidity , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
2.
Clin. biomed. res ; 37(3): 232-246, 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-859838

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Definido como uma proliferação descontrolada de células malignas, o câncer colorretal (CCR) é um dos tumores malignos mais comuns, e a terceira causa de mortes relacionadas ao câncer. Várias estratégias têm sido estudadas para auxiliar na prevenção e no tratamento coadjuvante dos sintomas do CCR, entre elas a ingestão de probióticos, prebióticos ou simbióticos. Probióticos são microrganismos vivos, que quando administrados em quantidade adequada afetam beneficamente o hospedeiro. Os probióticos são comumente encontrados em alimentos fermentados como em iogurtes por exemplo, ou na forma de suplementos que contém culturas microbianas vivas. Prebióticos são componentes alimentares não digeríveis que afetam beneficamente o hospedeiro, estimulando seletivamente a multiplicação ou atividade de populações microbianas desejáveis no cólon. Já, os simbióticos consistem na associação de probióticos e prebióticos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi definir a validade do uso dos probióticos, prebióticos ou simbióticos como coadjuvantes no tratamento do CCR por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados PUBMED, SCIELO, COCHRANE e CLINICAL TRIALS. Os termos de busca foram: "colorectal cancer AND probiotics", "colorectal cancer AND prebiotics". Resultados: Dos 68 artigos elegíveis, 14 foram revisados, com publicação entre 2012 e 2017, escritos no idioma inglês, português ou espanhol. O número amostral variou de 38 a 310 pacientes, com idade entre 18 e 75 anos, a duração do tratamento foi de 3 dias a 3 meses. Em 3 dos estudos foram utilizados simbióticos, em 1 prebióticos, e em 10 probióticos. As cepas de probióticos continham entre 1 e 10 substâncias, prebióticos 4 substâncias e os simbióticos entre 5 e 8. Conclusão: O trabalho possibilitou o reconhecimento dos principais microrganismos que vem sendo estudados no tratamento concomitante do CCR. A maioria dos estudos analisados mostrou efeitos benéficos na diminuição da proteína C reativa, da incidência e severidade da diarreia, risco de complicações pós-operatórias como sepse, ventilação mecânica e vazamento da anastomose, além de propiciar uma recuperação da função intestinal mais rápida. A presente revisão sistemática ressalta a importância dos pré e probióticos concomitante aos tratamentos de CCR, porém o número limitado de artigos dificulta a generalização dos resultados obtidos, sendo necessários futuros estudos de longa duração para elucidar melhor esta relação (AU)


Introduction: Defined as an uncontrolled proliferation of malignant cells, colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Several strategies have been studied to prevent CRC and/or work as an adjuvant treatment for CRC symptoms, including the use of probiotics, prebiotics or symbiotics. Probiotics are live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts result in health benefit to the host. They are commonly found in fermented foods such as yogurts or in the form of supplements that contain live microbial cultures. Prebiotics are nondigestible food components that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the multiplication or activity of desirable microbial populations in the colon. Symbiotics consist of the association of probiotics and prebiotics. The aim of the present study was to define the effectiveness of the use of probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotics as adjuvants to the treatment of CRC by means of a systematic review of the literature. Methods: A search was performed on the PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane and Clinical Trials databases. The search terms were "colorectal cancer AND probiotics", "colorectal cancer AND prebiotics". Results: Of the 68 potentially eligible articles, 14 were revised, published between 2012 and 2017, and written in English, Portuguese or Spanish. The sample size of these studies ranged from 38 to 310 patients, aged between 18 and 75 years. The period of treatment ranged from 3 days to 3 months. Symbiotics were used in three studies, prebiotics were used in one study, and probiotics were used in 10 studies. Probiotic strains contained between one and 10 substances, prebiotics contained four substances, and symbiotics contained between five and eight substances. Conclusions: This study allowed the recognition of the main microorganisms that have been studied in the concomitant treatment of CRC. Most of the studies analyzed showed beneficial effects on the reduction of C-reactive protein, the incidence and severity of diarrhea and the risk of postoperative complications such as sepsis, mechanical ventilation and leakage of anastomosis, in addition to providing a faster recovery of the intestinal function. The present systematic review emphasizes the importance of the use of pre- and probiotics concomitant with CRC treatments, but the limited number of articles makes it difficult to generalize the results obtained. Further long-term studies are needed to elucidate this relationship (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy , Prebiotics , Probiotics , Synbiotics
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